Portrayal of Gender Roles in Advertisement Effects on Womens Self-Esteem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1887 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? In todays society appearance is everything. Looking the part and playing the role can allow one to go a long way in media, but particularly advertisement. Honestly, who has not mumbled or thought to themselves while watching an advertisement, I wish I looked like that? A commercial for intimate wear or a trendy cosmetic line can have women looking in the mirror critiquing their physical appearance while reviewing their flaws. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Portrayal of Gender Roles in Advertisement: Effects on Womens Self-Esteem" essay for you Create order Mass media and advertisement can form insecurities within women which play on their self-esteem. Its important to examine the negative stereotypes in media and advertisement which cause reporting of low self-esteem. Advertisement impacts its viewers, so that is why its important to understand the impact on how it shapes the perception of the viewer. Self-esteem and advertisement are not often correlated with one another, but its evident that women are affected mentally and physically which can have effects on their self-esteem. Advertisement focuses on gender roles and how women are positively and negatively portrayed. This study will focus on the effect gender roles on the self-esteem of women and how they can be view differently. Society plays a role in creating low self-esteem in women from a young age due to the many unrealistic expectations that women try to live up to. Its crucial to see the positive, so one doesnt get lost in expectations that society and media has placed on them. Literature Review It is known that people turn to forms of mass media for information when they lack the knowledge and experience with subjects or situations (Lee, 2009). Cultivation Theory suggests that people mostly rely on television messages for a worldview, which causes unambiguous views on social reality. Cultivations theory is a form of communication that claims repeated exposure to images in mass media could affect the viewers perception of reality (Riddle, 2009). Social norms and perception of reality are created by the worldly views. Lee (2009) claims that behaviors are replicated when the subject is physically attractive, which grants for a pleasing outcome. Johnson and Holmes (2009) stated that those who seek and follow an unrealistic perception of reality, when the outcome doesnt replicate to the desired fantasy, they will be disappointed. This can be problematic granted the outcome doesnt turn out in their favor. Perception can allow one to believe that what they see is right or correct. An example would be a viewer watching unhealthy eating being displayed by a model who has the idea or perfect figure, they view will hold the same expectations for themselves not realizing that an unrealistic perception has been shown to them. Adults, both younger and older who set their goals on idealized images, which they desire to look like, will repeated have their expectations violated. This leads to low self-esteem and low self-satisfaction (Johnson Holmes, 2009). These images will be used in media through advertisement, with hope to capture the viewers attention. Media can have a major impact on its viewers. Commercial advertisement significantly impacts its viewers because fictional perceptions of reality are considered the social norm and valid. Riddle (2009) stated that those who are consistently exposed to commercial advertisement, these individuals have an altered knowledge and worldview of everyday life. The more the mass media messages are exposed, the more likely the viewer will accept the content. Viewers are less likely to differentiate fiction from reality once they have been exposed to high consumptions of these forms of messages (Riddle, 2009). This can be controversial because women who view advertisements may receive the wrong idea, as most advertisement involving women suggest that females should look like models, be trendy and stylish, while concealing their physical flaws. Advertisement messages affect all who view them whether they know it or not. These messages shouldnt be adapted as the social norm or part of one everyday reality. It is important to create self-expectations during adolescences, as taking on the wrong views can impact one long-term (Riddle, 2009). Gender Roles Advertisements can be persuasive to the consumer as it suggests the viewer has a need for the item, which motivates the purchase. Women are known to focus on their beauty, which explains why most female target advertisements are focused on products to achieve or enhance ones beauty to receive the look of perfections (McKinley, 2005). Advertisements used female to sell products, this can determine the idea that they are often objectified (Skorek Schreier, 2009). Advertisements are used to sell a lifestyle; the product must be viewed as a necessity for ones life. Happiness and values play a role into the products that are on display to be sold (Skorek Schreier, 2009). Women and men are portrayed differently in media. Generalized stereotypes are used to represent women, which gives off the impression that they are subordinate to men. Skorek and Schreier (2009) reported that ten percent of women portrayed working professional roles, such as waitress, secretary, or assistant. Females we re viewed as subordinate figures in these advertisements. It was thought that women and presented that women are unable of completing work related task without the help from a male or a machine to assist them. Eisend (2010) boosted the idea that business was an industry for men. In many advertisements, men are seen in positions such the manager or pilot, while women are seen in positions as their secretary or flight attendant, which promotes gender biases and stereotypes. Media portrays women using many different forms of stereotypes. These stereotypes can be viewed negatively as women have evolved into dominating forces within society. Opportunities are not only presented for men, as women have suited up to take on many roles and challenges over the years. Negative stereotypes of women shown in media, just to name a few; womens place is home and in the kitchen (Skorek Schreier, 2009). These forms of advertise once gave off the impression that women dont deal with the decision makings of the home. The task of the homemaker wasnt viewed as an important job. The perception has always been that women need men for support, protection. Its true that once women dependent of men and were only seen as sexual objects. Women appear in sexually suggestive content more then men (Lundstrom Sciglimpaglia, 1977). Its seldom for women to be shown as participants in competitive sports or competitions of any sort. They are viewed as an object that men come home to af ter a long day of work; they are viewed as just the housewife. Researchers have found claims to support that fact that women portrayed in media are always subjected to the same stereotypical roles. Women are not commonly shown in working roles, as business members, or having power and authority over men (Skorek Schreier, 2009). Due to there being many negative stereotypes in media in how women are being presented, its crucial to take a further look at the perspective from the view point of women. This will give an insight more intently on how women are being objectified in media. Perspective Women feminist believe that womens experiences, concerns, and ideas are as valuable as those of men and should be treated with equal seriousness and respect (Kim, 2008, p.392). Frequent grievances towards media and advertisement portrayals of women would be the consistent idea that females dont hold positions of authority, the idea that all workplaces are dominated by men, and sex-role socializations (Stephenson, Stover, Villamor, 1997). Feminist primarily focus on dominance and social order (Kim, 2008) and they argue that women should be treated and granted that same equality in media and advertisement representation as men. The goal is to cease the idea that males are the dominate gender, but aim to have women and men viewed as equals and to eradicate the messages being used to stereotype and generalize women. When media and advertisements can get to a place where they generalize the viewpoints of females less, that is when they will be better represented in a different aspect of s ocial life (Lee, 2009). Self-Esteem Research The gathered information on mass media and how women are portrayed in advertisement the hypothesis suggest: H: Negative images of females result in high exposure of stereotypes in media advertisement which correlates with low self-esteem among females of all ages. Methods Participants This study mainly involved female interactions with media and advertisement. They used 350 female high school students living on the west coast of the United States. They used participants of different races, which consisted of Caucasians (70%), African Americans (18%), Hispanics (7%), Asian (4%), and other (1%). The students consisted of freshman (12%), sophomores (34%), juniors (25%), and seniors (29%). The students study ages ranged from 14 to 18 with an average age being 15 (60%). Procedure Two high schools were sought out to conduct this study. Administrators contacted the school board to receive permission to survey the students during lunch hours and after school. The school allowed for flyers to be sent out to all female students, providing information regarding a survey that they could participate in. Female students needed to submit a verbal interest as well as a parental permission slip, granted them access to participate in the survey. The survey was voluntary and only given to those with consent from a parent or guardian. The first survey was conducted in a classroom during the lunch period for those who wished to participate at that time. The second survey was conducted after school in the lunch cafeteria. The survey was handed out to each student during both sessions once all participants were checked in. The instructors explained the instruction of the survey prior to being handed out. The students were advised not to share the any information regarding the survey with their peers. One instructor advised the student on how to properly take the survey while the other instructor passed out the survey and pencils to the students. The content for the survey consisted of a fifty question questionnaire which involved effects media has on ones emotions. The students were informed that their survey would be submitted anonymously so names were not needed to be place on the paper, and that they answers were voluntary. Instrumentation Demographic Items The survey included questions on the students grade, age and race. Media Exposure Media exposure was measured by focusing on female stereotypes and depictions in commercial advertisements. A nominal scale which focused on yes or no questions was also used. These nominal questions included: Do you watch commercial advertisements? and Do you observe commercial advertisements directed towards females? The Likert scale questions included: How many times a week do you view commercials advertisements? and How often do you notice the stereotypes in which females are portrayed in commercial advertisements? Responses ranged from (1) never view to (5) always view. Self-Esteem The Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) was used to measure self-esteem. The RSE scale contained 5 items; from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) on a 5-point Likert scale (Rill et al., 2009) Samples questions were added to measure the overall emotional level of esteem. High scores reflected high level of self-esteem, while lower scores reflected lower levels of self esteem. The coefficient was rated .85 in a previous study. Sample questions included, I often feel worthless and I often have low sense of accomplishment. Data Plan The Pearson Correlation tested the hypothesis. This test calculated the correlation coefficients of the two variables. Both the independent variable and dependent variable are interval/ratio. The hypothesis suggests that high exposure to negative images of female stereotypes in media and advertisement correlate with low self-esteem.

Effective Methods And Policies That Regulate The Flow Of...

establish effective methods and policies that regulate the flow of products that negatively affect the wellbeing of people. Woodward and colleagues (2001) suggest that WHO should help policymakers by monitoring and obtaining knowledge about the flow of harmful goods across borders, such as illicit drugs and small arms as well as human trafficking. Some argue that globalization has caused several health issues from all around the world. In other words, the exchange of tobacco products, alcohol, and the emergence of fast food chains have resulted in higher levels of cardiovascular disease, cancers, etc., and foreign countries should regulate the advertisement of said products similar to Western societies (Pang, 2004). Both ideas seem to be in the right step towards improving global health, but monitoring consumer goods and regulating advertising of harmful products takes a lot of time and resources to pull off. (I may add more to this discussion) Another concern to global health is the fact that not all illnesses are recognized and treated within a biomedical paradigm. Specifically, somatic syndromes are ambiguous disorders that are not classified within a Western medical institution, and are hard to treat when using only a biomedical diagnostics. Since globalization and mass migration is rapidly impacting the world, it would seem crucial to understand how health and disease is studied within a global context. However, medical anthropologists tend to take either a bioculturalShow MoreRelatedOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagestheir bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people working for you, in both cases you will be dealing with people. 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Making a Hero Free Essays

A hero and heroic journeys are the most important elements of Ancient mythology, and the Odyssey by Homer as an example of such epics. Joseph Campbell identifies three main stages of the hero’s journey found in monomyths: Separation, Initiation and Return. In the Odyssey, the main hero goes through these stages in order to prove and test his courage and heroism. We will write a custom essay sample on Making a Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thesis Through physical journeys and trials, his personality changes for the better: while ‘initiation’ tests his psychical and psychological strength, separation and return reflect his personal qualities and new values. In contrast to traditional model proposed by Joseph Campbell, the Odyssey follows a parallel construction: readers know about his return and separation simultaneously. The first stage, separation, begins twenty years prior to the events depicted in the Odyssey. Readers know about Odyssey’s departure and causes of this separation through memories of Odyssey and other characters. The main difference is that Homer tells about separation through memories and isolated stories. Only in Book XVI, Homer describes the separation: â€Å"it is such a long time ago that I / can hardly say. Twenty years are come and gone since he left my / home, and went elsewhither† (Homer, Book XVI). This quote is very important because it tells readers about the past and helps Penelope to recollect events. Penelope is sure that Ulysses is â€Å"laid before her† (Homer). The most important is that the story about separation coincides with ‘return’ of the hero and his moral development. The rest of the story (the return) describes his new qualities and values developed during initiation from the psychological point of view. The second stage, initiation, consists of several trials and battles which show courage and enormous physical strength of Odyssey. The main trials include: the encounter with the Cicones, several years spent in Calypso’s cave; the battle with the Cyclops and the encounter with the Sirens show that only. The first encounters show his physical strength while the second ones test his psychological qualities. â€Å"Odysseus then you are, o great contender, of whom the glittering god with the golden wand / spoke to me ever, and foretold /the black swift ship would carry you from Troy† (Homer, Book X). This remark tells readers that his journey is not over and he needs great courage and bravery to overcome all difficult situations and eternal evil. It is possible to make certain distinctions between two stages of personal development (separation and return): for instance, fresh strong feeling in Odyssey hero is a different thing from the mass strong feeling in the people; or that some types and manifestations of feeling are gross self-indulgence and are not at all the thing they appear to be; or that an appearance of strong feeling may be only a mask hiding some weakness or other. Physical sufferings and trials have changed his personality and world views. At the stage of return, Homer does not tell about low morals of Odyssey and his habits, but describes him as a real hero who returns home. He inherits his honesty. In his love for women he shows that he has none of snobbery. At the end, the main hero is depicted as a keeper of law and traditions of the society. Also, Homer shows that it is dangerous thing to forget about human dignity and human code of ethics. â€Å"’The royal pair mingled in love again and afterward lay revelling in stories. / †¦ Odysseus told of what hard blows he had dealt to others and of what blows he had taken-all that story† (Homer, Book XXIII). This remark shows that after Initiation, Odyssey is a loving husband and father, fair ruler and son. At this stage, Odyssey combines the moral and social qualities of an ideal hero. In sum, the remarkable feature of the Odyssey is a cyclical structure of the Hero’s journey based on physical and psychological development of the main character.   Using a cyclical structure, Homer compares and contrasts the qualities of two different characters: Odyssey before and after the initiation stage. The inferences in the paper are important because they help to identify and analyze the main elements of the text, and then synthesize and summarize the main findings of the analysis. Works Cited Page Homer. The Odyssey. N.d. http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext99/dyssy10.txt How to cite Making a Hero, Essay examples

Poetry and Piano Essay Example For Students

Poetry and Piano Essay SOUND and written word; two abstract concepts, but hidden are many underlying similarities. Like the hybrid pluot mix of a plum and apricot, taking two different fruits and finding a delightful product by intertwining them. To appreciate the similarities, we must first consider the differences. The piano is a musical instrument that unlike poetry, is tangible. You can touch and feel the cool keys as your hands glide over them as well as feel the resisting pressure as you press the peddle under your foot. Poetry on the other hand, while capable of being seen, you cannot touch the words themselves. Who of you can say what the word that feels like? The piano is also a harmonious instrument that is often accompanied by another instrument or even several different types. A whole orchestra can play, but if you listen closely the piano is still distinguishable. On the other hand, try having two people read two different poems at the same time. The task in itself is easy to do, but what you hear is not a harmonious melody, but a jumble of words that produce a confusing effect on the listener. Poetry and pianos are similar though, in that they contain a rhythm. Although, a poet wont sing his poem, an affluent reader can make his words vivid and smoothly transition between lines and stanzas, creating a music-like effect. In reading a poem it is important to capture the pace, intensity, and meaning of what the poet is trying to convey. Piano songs also contain a structured rhythm indicated after the clef on the music sheet from which you play. Often, youll even find yourself subconsciously tapping your foot to the rhythm of the song. The rhythm is the backbone to a song or poem and directs the flow and attitude. And obvious similarity, is that it takes somebody to write a poem or play the piano. A fact often unnoticed and unappreciated is that every song or poem created came from some persons imagination. It takes a persons hand to write down a word or strike a key and this combined with my previous statement on imagination leads to my next similarity. Having so many words and musical notes to pick from, the outcome of each persons creativity results in something completely different from the next person. One person motivated by sadness my create a more slow, somber, and melancholy piece. A person overwhelmed by happiness may create a faster, upbeat song or poem. It all depends on time, emotion and vastness of vocabulary in the case of a piano creativity with different keys and chords. The product of each persons imagination is almost endless. Both poems and songs are just scribbles on paper unless you have someone to bring them to life. They are similar in the respect that both poetry and sheet music can be read. The only difference is how it is read. While poems can be read in  their written form, just as it is, reading sheet music takes a little more effort and wouldnt sound that great if you read it for what it was. Reading off your sheet you might get: G chord, C chord, D, E, C and who would honestly enjoy that? No, the pianist must in effect read the music with his fingers after interpreting from the page which keys to play. Some have even combined piano and poetry together to form poetic songs. An example of this is French composer Maurice Ravels Gaspard de la Nuit. Ravel composed three pieces for piano in 1908, basing them on poems by Aloysius Bertrand. All three of which are beautiful and showcased his talent and mastery in the piano. Also translated into English by Michael Benedikt. Maurices piano compositions show that poems can be rendered, modified, or transformed into music that is pleasing to the ears. Below is an excerpt from one of his three songs, entitled Ondine: .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .postImageUrl , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:hover , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:visited , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:active { border:0!important; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:active , .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175 .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0d2a0b0c111591213d851d4e23b8175:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Persuasive EssayListen!Listen!its me down here, Ondine, splashing all these droplets against your casement windowpanes so that they echo, here in the dim, regretful moonlight; and up there, high above us in her black silk dress, is the chateaus lady upon her balcony, gazing out at this beautiful starry night and at my lovely, sleeping lake. We have just begun scratching the surface of the many marvels of poetry and the piano. All the more so, I hope my brief analysis of the differences and similarities of poetry and the piano has helped you appreciate a new aspect or unravel some sort of unfound revelation. Perhaps take a second glance at the seemingly boring, everyday things.

The Shocking Fall Of Communism In Eastern And Central Europe In Essays

The shocking fall of communism in Eastern and Central Europe in the late eighties was remarkable for both its rapidity and its scope. The specifics of communism's demise varied among nations, but similarities in both the causes and the effects of these revolutions were quite similar. As well, all of the nations involved shared the common goals of implementing democratic systems of government and moving to market economies. In each of these nations, the communist regimes in power were forced to transfer that power to radically different institutions than they were accustomed to. Democracy had been spreading throughout the world for the preceding two decades, but with a very important difference. While previous political transitions had seen similar circumstances, the actual events in question had generally occurred individually. In Europe, on the other hand, the shift from communism was taking place in a different context altogether. The peoples involved were not looking to affect a narrow set of policy reforms; indeed, what was at stake was a hyper-radical shift from the long-held communist ideology to a western blueprint for governmental and economic policy development. The problem inherent in this type of monumental change is that, according to Ulrich K. Preuss, "In almost all the East and Central European countries, the collapse of authoritarian communist rule has released national, ethnic, religious and cultural conflicts which cannot be solved by purely economic policies" (47). While tremendous changes are evident in both the governmental and economic arenas in Europe, these changes cannot be assumed to always be "mutually reinforcing" (Preuss 47). Generally it has been theorized that the most successful manner of addressing these many difficulties is the drafting of a constitution. But what is clear is the unsatisfactory ability of a constitution to remedy the problems of nationalism and ethnic differences. Preuss notes that when the constitutional state gained favor in North America, it was founded on the principle of the unitary state; it was not designed to address the lack of national identity which is found throughout Europe - and which is counter to the concept of the constitutional state (48). "Measured in terms of socioeconomic modernization," writes Helga A. Welsh, "Central and Eastern European countries had reached a level that was considered conducive to the emergence of pluralistic policies" (19). It seemed that the sole reason the downfall of communism, as it were, took so long was the veto power of the Soviet Union. According to theories of modernization, the higher the levels of socioeconomic achievement, the greater the pressure for open competition and, ultimately, democracy. As such, the nations in Eastern and Central Europe were seen as"anomalies in socioeconomically highly-developed countries where particularly intellectual power resources have become widespread" (Welsh 19). Due to their longtime adherence to communist policies, these nations faced great difficulty in making the transition to a pluralist system as well as a market economy. According to Preuss, these problems were threefold: The genuine economic devastations wrought by the communist regimes, the transformation of the social and economic classes of the command economy into the social and economic classes of a capitalist economy and, finally, the creation of a constitutional structure for political entities that lack the undisputed integrity of a nation state (48). With such problems as these to contend with in re-engineering their entire economic and political systems, the people of East Germany seemed to be in a particularly enviable position. Economically, they were poised to unite with one of the richest countries, having one of the strongest economies, in the entire world. In the competition for foreign investment, such an alliance gave the late German Democratic Republic a seemingly insurmountable lead over other nations. In regards to the political aspects of unification, it effectively left a Germany with no national or ethnic minorities, as well as having undisputed boundaries. As well, there was no need to create a constitution (although many of the pitfalls of constitution-building would have been easily-avoided due to the advantages Germany had), because the leaders of the GDR had joined the Federal Republic by accession and, accordingly, allowed its Basic Law to be extended over their territory. For all the good that seemed to be imminent as a result of unification, many problems also arose regarding the political transformation that Germany was undergoing. Among these problems were the following: the tensions between the Basic Law's simultaneous commitments to supranational integration and to the German nation state, the relationship between the nation and the constitution as two different modes of political integration and the issue of so-called "backward justice" (Preuss 48). The Federal Republic of Germany's Basic Law has been the longest-lived constitution in Germany's history.

Improve Business Writing Skills to Increase Productivity and Revenue

Improve Business Writing Skills to Increase Productivity and Revenue Current Business Writing Skills Scenario Your employees’ abilities to write and rewrite, clearly and concisely, goes a long way in establishing a competitive advantage for your business. If you want to make the best first impression on all your customers, clients, vendors, other transacting parties, and anyone who comes in contact with your business, then your employees need to master the art of effective business writing skills. Because most employees spend a substantial part of each workday writing whether it's email, reports, briefings, presentations, or requirements summaries improving business writing skills willsave your company money and increase employee productivity. Good writing skills lead to improved productivity and cost savings for the business. When employees spend a lot of time writing reports and end up producing error-prone documents, your business is likely to lose goodwill. Another issue with poor business writing skills is that it leads to wasted hours of editing and proofreading. This negatively affects your business productivity, since the time spent to make corrections could have been utilized for profit-making activities. Additionally, you might need to hire experienced editors orproofreaders for key business documents, adding more expense to your payroll. Drasticallyimprove your employees’ business writing skills by conducting business writing training. This will lead to improved productivity and by reducingthe average time spent on a single business writing task. Here is empirical proof: Current Business Writing Skills Scenario Suppose that your organization has a work unit of 30 workers. Each worker earns $60,000 per year. Similarly, each writer spends 3.2 hours a day on writing. Within an average 40-hour working week, 40% of the time is therefore devoted towards writing. Current Costs to your Company Under the current scenario, your company is paying $1,800,000 ($60,000*30) to workers on an annual basis. As already mentioned, each worker spends 40% of his or her time every day in writing. This means that, currently, your business is spending $720,000 ($1,800,000*40%) on an annual basis on youremployees’ business writing efforts. Assuming that there are 240 working days in a year, the total annual employee writing hours are 23040 (240days* 3.2 hours/day* 30 workers). This means that you are currently paying $31.25 per hour ($720,000/23040 hours) as the average annual costs per hour on business writing. Staff Training - Revised Scenario Now, let’s consider an alternative. Suppose you train your staff how to improve their business writing skills. Through our 6-step proven business writing methodology, you can reduce your staff’s average time spent on writing by 30%. Keeping all other factors constant, it means that each writer now spends 2.24 hours a day (3.2 hours* 70%) on writing. Revised Costs to your Company Even from a quick glance, you can clearly see that improving your staff’s business writing skills will have a strong positive impact on time and money saved. Keeping the number of employees (30), the total annual salary ($1,800,000) and the total working days per year (240) constant, here are new results: Total employee writing costs for the year will reduce to $504,000 (1,800,000*28%) Total annual employee writing hours will decrease to 16,128 (240 days* 2.24 hours* 30 workers) These simple empirical calculations prove that you can save on your total writing costs by more than $100,000 and total writing hours by 6,912 hours annually. The resources saved can be invested in other business activities to generate profits. The benefits of an effective business writing skills improvement program are far reaching. They lead to improved information flow, better coordination, and manyother growth and branding incentives for a business. To learn more about the power of business writing and how to improve business writing skills for your employees, download my guide, Four Ways to improve your Team’s Business Writing Skillstoday!

Research Prospectu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Prospectu - Essay Example According to a report by consumer analysts Nielsen, 47% of the world’s social networking is being done through the mobile phones (State of the Media, 2). The recent report on facebook use indicated that 250 million of facebook users are accessing the social network site through mobile phones, and they were found to be more active than the non-mobile users. The social networking trend has increased especially in the last 5 years; with every 4 out of 5 active internet users visiting social network sites (State of the Media, 3).The social networking applications were found to be the third most used applications among the USA smart phone users. This transition of the mobile phone usage from the initial communication to the Mobile social networking trend has elicited a lot of interest, especially regarding the relationship between the social media and mobile phones that has seen this exponential growth in Mobile social networking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the neg ative implications of the growth of mobile phone use for social networking. Literature review Mobile phones and the social media have changed communication in the world. ... Statistics further indicate that 47% of the web browsers visit the social networking sites, and 62% of all users with social network accounts are involved in instant messaging and chatting with their friends, relations and even strangers they meet on the social networks (Killackey, Anda, Gibbs, Alvarez-Jimenez, Thompson, Sun, & Baksheev, 2011). The implication of these statistics is to send a message to the society that; should the internet or the social media platforms collapse one day, then, the world would have more distressed people, than would be caused by any other tragedy. The change in the social media trend can be accounted for by the development of the mobile technology, with the focus of the mobile developers and other operating system software manufactures focusing on the production of mobile devices and software that are compatible with the social networking features (Tsai, Han, Xu & Chua, 2009). Social media marketing is yet another concept that has arisen, considering that it is now possible for different people to access the social networks from anywhere and anytime, as opposed to when individuals were limited to accessing social networks through the computers (Mills, Egglestone, Rashid, & Vaataja, 2012). A study published regarding the analysis of application features usage for the smart phone indicated that 43% of the owners of the smart phones have engaged in games applications usage, while 26% of the owners are using the social networking applications (Pachler, Ranieri, Manca & Cook, 2012). This simply indicates that the growth of mobile social networking is high, compared to any other mobile application, since the games applications

Sex Tourism on the Kenyan Coast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Sex Tourism on the Kenyan Coast - Essay Example The researches carried out on Sex Tourism makes us familiar with the roles of both sexes as sex workers and the tourists. Homosexuality which still has not been widely accepted in majority of the countries also is a part of it. We are also briefed about the rise of various products which is mainly due to sex tourism and also the various parts of the world where this practice is very active namely the events performed by the gays’ in places like San Francisco in the USA and in Sydney which is in Australia. The various aspects of human nature are also dealt with. The dark sides of our society like Child Prostitution, homo sexuality, and sexual exploitation of slaves as well as concepts like mail order brides are the most common subjects which are brought to the fore through the surveys carried out. The concept of sex tourism has been a matter of great interest and as a result more improved kind of surveys has been thought of to make us more familiar with this curse that is sprea ding at a rapid pace in the whole World. The modern authors have promoted new models to exploit the spread of sex tourism. Researches carried out on sex tourism and their results serve as a very good guideline for those who are in a way related with this issue such as the people who work in the tourism sector, students who are engaged in studies related to gender as well as the society. It also serves as a great medium for those who are involved in studies related to Woman. (Ryan, and Michael, 2001)

Corporation Fraud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporation Fraud - Essay Example MF Global and its parent holding company (MFGH) were forced by federal regulators to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protections on October 31, 2011 (Bunge 3). Within the span of less than a week one of Wall Street’s pinnacle trading firms was reduced to heap of broken promises and over one billion dollars in missing investor and client assets. After the MF Global bankruptcy was filed, investigators from the Securities and Exchange Commission discovered that a subsidiary of MF Global, MFGI, had improperly â€Å"booked† commodity trading transactions that exceeded the margin capability of MF Global to repay (Arends 14). The nature of this and how it was orchestrated and hidden by MFGI and MF Global executives is the focus of this paper. MF Global was in the business of facilitating futures trading (USCHC on Financial Services 81). If a customer opened a position on a commodity, MF Global was required to post the margin required to hold that position on the contract exchan ge. For the most part, the amount of margin required was determined using a standardized algorithm called the Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) (USCHC on Financial Services 102). ... In reality, the under currents that ripped the foundation from under MF Global were caused by a loop hole in accounting practices that allowed MF Global executives â€Å"to book† assets on both sides of the commodity and securities ledger (Orol 2). MF Global executives at some point in 2010 began co-mingling assets from the securities side into the commodity operation to cover massive short position losses on European bonds (Arends 9). The Chief Executive Officer at MF Global during the crisis was a former Governor and Senator from the state of New Jersey, John S. Corzine. John Corzine was first appointed as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in 2010 by the MF Global Board of Directors (Bunge 9). Corzine envisioned turning MF Global into a dominant Investment Bank on Wall Street and embarked on an ‘aggressive†(Weidner 2) and risky management plan (Sandler 2). Less than eighteen months later the contrived plans of Jon Corzine to alter and reshape the much respected MF Gl obal began to unravel. Through the SIPA process and the unwinding of MF Global commodity positions, it has been revealed that the shortfall in customer assets had two basic causes. MF Global by using a loophole in their â€Å"audited and regulated† (Orol 4). Accounting regimen had been depositing and moving customer segregated funds and securities through MF Global general accounts that were operated by company commodity traders and executives. The funds which were being transferred between â€Å"off-shore and domestic banks in the United States† were in the process deposited through MF Global corporate account’s (Orol 3). Customer money was re-routed by MF Global to â€Å"artificially inflate the companies deposit

American Constitution and Freedom of Speech

American Constitution and Freedom of Speech THESIS: Throughout the years, the legislatures assurance of the right to speak freely has been giving Americans voices and the privilege to be heard without dread of discipline, be that as it may, the right to speak freely simply like anything can be mishandled and used to damage individuals, not simply in federalism but rather through common freedoms and social equality too. I. Introduction The First Amendments of the U.S. Constitution awards us the privilege to free discourse and expresses that Congress should make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. The aim behind the Constitution was to permit people the privilege to completely communicate without laws ruining them; the Framers of the Constitution made laws that have progressed since 1797. The right to speak freely has favored this country that awards us a voice to vote on laws affected by the American government. II. Main Point 1: Identify implications for federalism related to the topic 1. One positive effect of federalism on free discourse is that the Constitutions assurance of the right to speak freely applies similarly to laws received by the federal, state, and local governments. In treating every division in an unexpected way, Justice Harlan contended that state speech limitations be given more breathing space than federal ones. 2. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that we cannot always trust the government when it comes to dealing with our individual rights. Those in charge will often take advantage, often putting that federal laws above the local and state laws in the hopes that federals will long outlive the state and local laws. 3. One scholarly source that supports the topic sentence: In an article written by Adam Winkler about a study that was done, the study finds that speech-restrictive laws adopted by the federal government are far more likely to be upheld than similar laws adopted by state and local governments. Courts applying strict scrutiny in free speech cases upheld federal speech laws in 56% of cases, state speech laws in 24% of cases, and local speech laws in a remarkably low 3% of cases. III. Main Point 2: Identify implications for civil rights to the related topic 1. One positive impact on the civil rights that was brought about by free speech was the civil rights movement of the 20th century which started in 1954 and carried on well into 1968. This was could be considered a social movement as well since it not only created new civil rights laws but also equality laws. 2. One negative impact of civil rights movement brought about the rise of hate groups that were determined to stop those in the black community who now had found a platform to voice all the injustices that were placed on them by those in power, the whites. 3. One scholarly source that supports the topic sentence: The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the most prominent hate-based organization in American history. Founded in the aftermath of the Civil War as a whimsical social club, the Klan quickly transformed into a terrorist organization aimed at subjugating newly freed blacks and driving out moderate whites that attempted to improve the plight of Freedmen in the Reconstruction South. (Freyer Levitt, 2011) IV. Main Point 3: Identify implications for civil liberties related to free speech One positive impact on the civil liberties associated with free speech is that it brought about the Amendments which gave us the right to free speech, to vote, to marry whomever we chose, and unreasonable searches of your home and the right to a speedy trial to name a few One negative impact on the civil liberties associated with free is the fact that speech isnt really free. Many were arrested for simply speaking about things such as the war or abortion. One scholarly source that supports this topic sentence: In this Article, Professor Curtis explores the First Amendments guarantee of free speech and the contention that other constitutional values must supersede this guarantee during a time of war (Curtis, 1998) V. Conclusion Our Constitutional rights are essential to everyone. The battles Americans underwent from the framers coming together and writing the Constitution, permitting individuals to have a voice as long as no harm was done, to the Civil rights movement where the black community fought for equality, not only for themselves but also for other minorities all while dealing with white hate groups and to the 20th century where in the after the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist acts, the Patriot Act was signed into law by then President George Bush. This act violated both the First and Fourth Amendments. Free speech and free from seizures and unwarranted searches. An individuals free speech must not be infringed upon to satisfy anothers curiosity because it is unconstitutional. References Adam Winkler, Free Speech Federalism, 108 Mich. L. Rev. 153 (2009). Available at:  http://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol108/iss2/1 Fryer R, Levitt S. Hatred and Profits: Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan. Quarterly Journal of  Economics. 2012;127 (4) :1883-1925. Michael Kent Curtis, Lincoln, Vallandingham, and Anti-War Speech in the Civil War. Retrieved from scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1428context=wmborj

Religiously Selfish :: essays research papers

Many people rely heavily upon religion daily. They use it as a source of reasoning, as an explanation for hardships or struggles they may be facing. However, many people only seem to rely upon religion when they feel they need outside support. Hemingway addresses the idea of religion many times in his novel â€Å"A Farewell to Arms.† However, Hemingway’s examples contrast with each other, demonstrating his belief that the majority of people seem to use religion only when timely for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion can be used to explain events that one cannot find a way to rationalize or understand. Often, when one feels that he or she is being faced with great burdens, and cannot seem to find a way to understand why those burdens are being placed upon themselves’, one may turn to religion. When Fred’s companion Passini loses his legs to a trench-mortar, Hemingway describes his reaction: â€Å"He big his arm and moaned, ‘Oh mama mia, mama Mia,’ then, ‘Dio te salve, Maria. Dio te salve, Maria. Oh Jesus shoot me Christ shoot me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (55). Though Passini may be moaning these things subconsciously, he has turned to higher-powers for help when he is in great pain. It is much easier to explain unfair treatment by saying it is God’s intentions, or the intentions of some other higher-being, than to decide that one is merely unlucky or has done something to bring those burdens into place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people do not feel they need the support of religion, and of a higher-power, they often dismiss it as nonsense and as foolish. They do not feel the need to devote themselves to something that they realize may be fictional. Hemingway demonstrates this through the actions of the soldiers when Frederick is dining with them: â€Å"‘The Pope wants the Austrians to win the war,’ the major said. ‘He loves Franz Joseph. That’s where the money comes from. I am an atheist†¦ All thinking men are atheists,’† (7 and 8). The major is poking fun at the priest, insulting both the priest and the pope and saying that there is no God. Later on in the story, Rinaldi has his own go at the priest, saying â€Å"‘To hell with you, priest... To hell with you†¦ To hell with the whole damn business,’† (173). Rinaldi claims he is joking with the priest, and it appears as though he is at first. However, his ranting bec omes serious and malicious.

Intro to Transportation

Intro to TransportationMarch 20, 2013 Page 1 of 1 Assignment #5 New Brunswick Power turbine As it does not clarify in the readings exactly what the terms of shipment assigned were for the agreement between Siemens and NB Power, I have assumed that the agreement would have specified that Siemens specified that the contract was governed by Incoterms 2010 CFR- St John, New Brunswick, Canada. All responsibility for risk of loss or damage, as well as additional transportation costs now transfer to buyer essay writers for hire. Seller responsibility ceases once goods pass the ships rail at the port of shipment (not destination).NB Power contracted with Irving Equipment to deliver goods via barge to power plant. The bill of lading should read â€Å"FOB Destination†. Costs and responsibility: Rescue/Recovery of Goods from Water- Irving Equipment Responsibility: NB Power contracted services with Irving Equipment and BOL stated FOB Destination- damage or loss to the cargo up to the poin t of delivery to the buyer is responsibility of the shipper. Assessment and Cleaning of Recovered Turbines- Irving Equipment NB Power contracted services with Irving Equipment and BOL stated destination.Replacement/Repair of Turbines: Irving Equipment. Responsibility: NB Power contracted services with Irving Equipment and BOL stated FOB Destination. Damage or loss to the cargo up to the point of delivery to buyer is responsibility of the shipper. Freight (Load Planning)- Irving Equipment Agreement with manufacturer had clearly stated CFR. As per description above NB Power did enter into agreement with Irving Equipment to handle and deliver goods to destination. This shipment would have required load planning expertise to ensure smooth transition. Loss of Revenue for Power Plant: Irving Equipment.As stated above Schedule delays for power plant: Irving Equipment. As stated above NB Power would be able to pursue all identified points above where I believe that Irving Equipment could be held responsible. Unless otherwise specified in their agreement, the liability would probably be limited to a certain amount and NB Power would not recover the costs for the turbines and all extra’s listed above. If NB Power did purchase insurance for this shipment for the full value of goods, they could recover the cost of goods and all other costs depending on type of insurance purchased.

Stepping Out of the Comfort Zone

Stepping Out of the Comfort Zone Communications break boundaries and bring connections between people. In â€Å"Some Friends and I Started Talking: Conversation and Social Change,† Margaret J. Wheatley describes communication as â€Å"a timeless and reliable way for humans to think together† (312). As human, communication is an essential need for everyday survival. It also brings people closer as they have a better understanding of each other through communication.For many cases, it takes people a lot of courage to step out of their own comfort zone and start conversations with others. When I came to the United States, the language barrier was keeping me from communicating with everyone around me. I barely spoke any English at the time. I would avoid talking to everybody. In class, I would sit by myself, putting my head down during lectures and avoid to be called on. But being so quite didn’t mean I was invisible to the bullies. During 8h grade, I was bullied by a group of Hispanic boys.They would throw my books into trashcans, made fun of my accent and pushed me as I walk through hallways. I was so afraid to come to school. My grades were dropping as the semester went by. I knew I needed to talk to somebody about it. Stepped out of my comfort zone, I seek my counselor Jane for help. Our conversation lasted for about two hours, but it changed my life completely. Wheatley mentions, â€Å"a simple conversation gave birth to actions that can change lives,†(312) in her essay.I soon found myself confronting the bullies and stopped them from bullying other people that were just like me. My grades also improved as my social life improved. This proves how communication is a â€Å"powerful tool in society† (Wheatley 313). Communication opens up new points of views and changes life for those who take courage and effort to begin a conversation. â€Å"We are hungry for a chance to talk. People want to tell their stories and willing to li sten to yours†(Wheatley 312). Communication is also the key to friendship and relationships.

Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Essays

Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Essays Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Paper Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Paper The fame and prosperity of Pompeii may be largely credited to the influence which the Romans had over it, by first making it an ally of theirs in 290BC and then a colony of their empire in 90BC. However, before the Romans had arrived in Pompeii it had been occupied by several other inhabitants, namely the Oscans, Greeks, Etruscans and the Samnites. By analysing what each of these civilisations contributed to the development of the city in comparison to Rome itself, I will be able to determine whether this is a fair assessment of Pompeii’s development. The Oscans were the first people to inhabit Pompeii, but the people themselves we know very little about. They created the first town between 800 and 750BC in regions VII and VIII; this was going to be the basis for all the other inhabitants to come. The site was chosen for settlement as it was in a good defensive position, due to being situated on a mountainside; the River Sarno allowed large ships to sail up it making it easy to trade as well as benefiting agriculturalists as the river was also used to water the fields and drain them. The Oscans made a wise decision choosing Pompeii as a place for settlement as it had many advantages but where there is prey, there are predators! The next residents of Pompeii were the Greeks, but the Oscans did leave some things behind, such as their language which continued to be used right up until 80BC, a name for the city, which never changed and the basic town. The Oscans definitely helped in the development of Pompeii and the Romans do owe much to their influence, as without them the town may have ceased to exist. The Greeks were the first to capture Pompeii and decided to keep the original name; this indicated that already Pompeii was a large, established and a well-know town. Many people would say that the Greeks had the largest influence over Pompeii as a city because they left many wonderful buildings and enlarged the town quite substantially. The Greeks took great advantage of the wealthy land by using the harbour as a base for trade and building a Doric temple for Apollo. Greek influence and colonisation spread right over to Southern Italy and Sicily. But the Greeks did not have it easy. Soon the Etruscans, from the North of Rome, became jealous of their success in Campania and occupied the town during 524 and 424BC, but left no trace of any major building works. To end this intervention in 474BC there was a Greek naval victory that won them back Pompeii for another 50 years. However the Etruscans caused Pompeii a lot of damage, leaving the Greeks with restoration work to do. The Greeks rebuilt temples; fortified the town, in case of another attack; and expanded the town. The Greeks were also to thank for the famous town planner Hippodamus of Miletus who designed the layout for the rest of Pompeii, making it a regular geometric grid. But towards the end of the 5th century BC the Osco-Greek town was invaded and conquered by a stronger race of people, the Samnites. The Greeks left Pompeii with a much larger and more cultured town for the Samnites to take over. The Samnites were mountain dwellers from the Apennines (also known as the spine of Italy), they later became better known as the Campanis. The only major change the Samnites made to the already well-developed town was the replacement of the walls with stronger fortification. In addition they expanded the town and built blocks of houses. The Samnite control did not last long; however, as a result of the Samnite Wars (343-290VC, between Roman and the Samnites) the Roman themselves came to Campania. The Samnites did not leave much behind that helped with the development of Pompeii, so not much is owed to the Samnites when it comes to its influence on the town. The Romans captured Pompeii during the second Samnite War in the 4th century BC. After a failed attempt to gain control of Pompeii in 310BBC, when the Pompeians drove the Romans away, they eventually took over twenty years later when Pompeii’s people gave in. Later between 260-146BC the Punic Wars took place between Carthage and Rome, unlike the other Campanian towns, Pompeii stayed loyal to Rome as its leader. In 146BC Rome won and destroyed Carthage, these wars led to Pompeii expanding in an eastern direction. However in the following period, the need for housing reduced in Pompeii; this was because of the newly built city. Nuceria, built to the south east of Pompeii, consequently, all new housing was reduced to rubble and turned over for agricultural use. But Pompeii, as an ally of Rome, experienced one of the most flourishing periods of history in the last decades of the 2nd century BC. This was because trade was growing, particularly in the east due to Rome’s new allies, and the ruling class of Pompeii ( already benefiting from the vast agricultural estates) continued to get richer from the increase in trading. Nearing the end of the 2nd century a large renovation programme was undertaken in Pompeii, many more luxurious buildings were built. The renovation programme saw the constructions of two forums, the Temple of Jupiter, macellum, basillica, an open air theatre and a large portico connected to a smaller theatre. Pompeii was really raking in the benefits of being an ally of Rome. Although Pompeii was an ally of Rome, during the Punic Wars relations weren’t always friendly. In March 90BC Pompeii joined the rebels in a civil war to try and gain Roman citizenship, but they failed as Rome gradually gained the upper hand by having the best generals. Shortly after Herculaneum, a near by town in Campania, sufferend the same fate. After this rebellion, Pompeii lost many of its rights, such as self-government, also a Roman general forced a military colony on the Pompeians called the Cornelia Veneria Colony. The colonies were used to stamp out trouble and spread Roman influence. However there were benefits to having a Romanised Pompeii as it was mostly the wealthy Roman men with business experience who had settled in Pompeii, so they begun to take on the running of the town. As changes in Rome took place, the same happened to Pompeii, 27BC saw the rise of Emperor Augustus who was in power for around forty years. To make his mark on society a new building programme was enthralled in which a temple dedicated to Fortuna Augusta and an aqueduct was built. Pompeii owed a lot to the Romans as they developed the town an immense amount as well as expanding it. Not all is owed to the influence of other civilisations; the Romans did play a large part. I think Pompeii was perceived as a Roman town because it was publicised as a Roman town especially during its five years of trading. This may account for this prejudice of viewing Pompeii like this and proves that Pompeii owes much to other civilisations and not just Rome. Another reason may be that most of the Pompeii remains were actually Roman so this may have given the impression of Pompeii as a Roman-dominant town but it really was multicultural. Overall, I think Pompeii positively owes much to other civilisations even though the Romans overshadowed the developments of other civilisations due to their power and knowledge of utilising the town. Therefore, to say that Pompeii owes a lot to the influence of other civilisations is a very fair assessment, as although the town may be known as Roman, without the Oscans it may cease to exist and without the Greeks the town may not have become as cultured. I do not believe there is a particular civilisation that is owed the most because they all gave something towards the making of Pompeii.

AN ANALYTICAL REPORT ON THREE CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS Research Paper

AN ANALYTICAL REPORT ON THREE CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS - Research Paper Example The United States has numerous charitable organizations running various philanthropist programs in various sectors of the society. As such, donating in any of the charitable organizations requires effective analysis of the specific organizations in order to safeguard an individual’s values. Individuals managing the charitable organizations are human just as any one else. This implies that they possess a quality of greed and would always want to enrich themselves from the positions of leadership and management. Charitable organizations just as any other organization therefore require a degree of accountability. Before donating to a charity organization, it becomes prudent to evaluate and analyze the administrative structures of an organization, its projects and its ability to achieve its goals. In doing this, the researcher in this context selects three of such organizations he believes are most deserving and analyses their structures thus justifying his selection based on the quality of management in the organizations and the effectiveness of the philanthropic projects the organizations run within the country. Anyone donating always hopes to help the people. With this understanding, the research investigates the ability of the selected charitable organizations to influ ence the lives of the public. The three charitable organization selected for the review are United Way, Feeding America and The Task Force for Global Health. The three are among the largest and most popular charitable organizations in the United States, the three in various sectors of the society and run various charitable programs all of which seek to improve the social wellbeing of the American citizenry. The three organizations enjoy a national outlook owing to their ability to infiltrate the country. As the largest charitable organizations, the

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Case Study Example The lost service charge provisions are not protected by TUPE because they are deemed to be independent contracts that have been outsourced. They are only protected when the service entails the provision of one whole activity such as catering, and when the completion of the job is credited to the company, such as the entity has no options of other service providers. The basic principle of UK law is the sale or transfer of an entity automatically brings all the contracts the entity had with the employees, and the employees have a choice on whether to continue with the new entity or resign. This makes a lot of legal sense because of the nature of a contract, which is an agreement between two parties regarding a particular subject. A contract is reached upon after considering many factors, bargaining and the future circumstance. Therefore, imposing a contract upon a secondary entity may not be fair. However, Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (TUPE) law is lenient on employees and protects their rights but this protection is not automatic. The law has to consider the circumstances of each case to see whether the employees qualify for a protection or not. Therefore, this question applies the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) law because it touches on the transfer of an entity and also on organized group of employees. In the case of Argyll Coastal Services v Sterling and others UKEATS/0012/11/BI, the question that came up for consideration by the court was the definition of the word organized group of employees. The court contented that an organized group of employees was a particular set of employees who were less than the entire workforce of the entity concerned and who worked together as a team for the accomplishment of a particular purpose. However, on appeal, the court contended that the group was not an

Privacy & Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Privacy & Security - Essay Example Page 21 4.4.4 Physical Data Stolen †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 21 4.4.5 Business Losses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 21 5 Solution and Counter Measures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.1 P3P †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.2 Semantic Web Solution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.3 Studies on Credibility of SNS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 23 5.4 Preventing SQL Injection Attacks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦.. Page 23 5.5 Voice Signatures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 24 5.6 Risk Management Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page24 5.7 Television Program †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 5.8 Passports with Hidden Security Chip †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 5.9 Manual to Aware People †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 6 Conclusion & Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 27 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 28 Report Layout Abstract As ‘Electronic commerce’ evolves the business practices of the business around the world in terms of profitability, success, and gaining competitive advantages, there are many negative aspects that are linked with it. However, the areas are many, we have prioritized stealing confidential information and breaching data privacy of online users, there impacts on business, people, society and individuals. Background researches and studies have tried to enhance security but it is still the biggest challenge for security professionals and business. Threats... This esssay stresses that threats and impacts including the impact on different aspects is discussed along with real world scenarios that are mentioned in terms of physical and online stealing of identities, online attacks by hackers, impacts of social networking sites if they misuse information or not provide correct security measures. Solutions and suggestions section discuss the solution of issues related to data privacy, SNS impacts and online attacks in order to steal the confidential information of employees. The report discusses the importance of security and its effects on online services at the initial part of the report. The online users become victims easily as they are not aware of the authenticity and credibility of e commerce based websites. Security seals add credibility to a website so that the users can see how the company is managing user information. The review-highlighted aspects of consumer privacy, security aspects of people who use online services and conduct online transactions along with some steps that are required to make the negative impacts of e-commerce eliminated. Threats and impacts were discusses as threats includes SQL attacks, phishing, and impacts of data privacy have huge involvement in society that is in terms of social networking sites that is the best source for cyber criminals, email security on SNS etc. One more major impact that has put the UK and USA on the back foot is the Identity thefts. They are also associated with data privacy online as these id entities are stolen and are used in many different areas gain advantage.

CVS Pharmacy Improvement Essay Example for Free

CVS Pharmacy Improvement Essay The first â€Å"Consumer Value Store† was opened in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1963. The company grew quickly and by 2002 CVS was one of America’s largest retail drugstores, with over 4,000 outlets and income of $24. 2 billion. As the company got bigger, managers started to worry that pharmacy maneuvers were not carrying out well. Reviews from both customers and employees designated that many localities had severe troubles with customer service. The company’s pharmacy business, however, grew further at an industrial average. This inferred to some people that CVS did not have any serious problems but it actually had. Therefore, to identify the true crisis of pharmacy customer service and to make any required changes, CVS initiated the PSI and staffed it with operations executives and managers. Customer Service Problems: The PSI team started gathering information by evaluating historical data and interviewing existing and past customers. This work verified that CVS had problems in customer service. Besides, customers feel difficult to adjust from one pharmacy to another; deeper analysis revealed that many of the regular customers have switched somewhere else. PSI team showed that about 7. 2 million customers have left which could have paid $2. 5 billion revenue. It has been noticed that different kinds of customers have left due to different types of problems. The PCI team has categorized these former CVS Pharmacy members into two main groups. First, the one who filled an average of five prescriptions per year; they were most likely to complain about the pharmacy’s location. The other group of heavy users, who filled an average of 40 scripts a year, was most likely to leave because of poor service.

A Major Issue In Educational Management Education Essay

A Major Issue In Educational Management Education Essay Education is the concern of each and every individual. It is the backbone of every civilized society. In its centre lies the school. Since the birth of civilization, the school has been a major concern for the rulers and governments. The Education for all (EFA) movement launched at Jomtien, Thailand in 1990, had as aim to bring the benefits of education to every citizen in every society (World Bank 2009). The movement brought a new dimension to education. Developing countries started to invest huge amount of money for the betterment of their education system which they consider as the key to their prosperity. In this process, the school was subjected to great reforms so as to cater for the goals of individuals, societies and nations. The School is a complex open social system. It provides a balance between scientific management and human relations approach. The system is extremely dynamic. In this system the structure is a key element in transforming inputs into outputs. The structure, also called the bureaucratic expectations, defines our role and responsibilities. It has been organized in such a way so as to fulfill the organizations goals (Hoy and Miskel 2004). This dissertation will be based primarily on the bureaucratic part which is a major issue in educational management. The world is flat, Friedman (2005) rightly said. We are witnessing the flattening of structures in all settings and at different levels. The Weberian model of bureaucracy is being questioned. The pyramidal shape structure is becoming irrelevant. Even the school setting has not been left apart. All schools do not follow the same structure; some have an enabling or productive structure whereas others still have a coercive or hindering structure (Hoy and Miskel 2004). Schools are social organizations with set objectives together with their human, financial, material and physical resources (Dash and Dash 2008). Therefore, school management is a crucial and complex matter. The one responsible for managing these resources is usually centered on one person who is called the headmaster or principal or rector. He has the responsibility of both the internal and external management of the school. This situation no longer holds good. Reforms were necessary in different spheres, settings and levels in order to bring change and transformation in school management. School management is a cooperative human endeavor, as Dash and Dash (2008) rightly pointed out. For an effective school management, teachers, parents, students and even the community members have to cooperate with the head of school (Dash and Dash 2008). This is the description of the concept of decentralization in school management which has been the driving force of educational reforms in the 1990s. Many schools adopted this school-based reform in many developing countries (Ng and Chan 2008). School-based management then came to light. The Economic Note (2007) defined School-based management as the systematic decentralization to the school level of authority and responsibility to make decisions on significant matters related to school operations within a centrally determined framework of goals, policies, curriculum, standards, and accountability. It ensures significant, systematic, and sustained change as well as improving outcomes for every students in whichever settings and contr ibuting socially and economically to a country (Caldwell 2005). Decentralization or school-based management varies from country to country and it can take different shapes (Economic Note 2007). One way of achieving this decentralization is through distributed leadership. Leadership is the new trend in education worldwide. It is crucial for all transformation and innovation (Spillane, Halverson and Diamond 2004). It is about empowering others as partners in leadership (Huber 2004). This concept was meant with the aim of de-loading the duties and responsibilities of the rector. Everyone now share the different responsibilities in managing the school. School management is not a simple task even in a small country like Mauritius, with a population of about 110,000 secondary students and 200 secondary schools. The concept of school-based management has been implemented to some extent even in our local schools. As early as Future in our hands by K. Jagatsing (1979), up to the recent Education and Human Resources Strategy Plan 2008-2020 report, stressed were laid on the concept of decentralization in school management. Our Honorable Minister of Education, Dr. V.K.Bunwaree, talked about the decentralization of school management in these terms : While the School Development Plan is available in all institutions as an indication of the direction to follow, the Rector needs support and resources to make critical decisions on a day-to-day basis. These decisions may well relate to pedagogical matters as much as to disciplinary cases. Nevertheless, it is also vital to understand that a Head of School cannot do it alone. He/She will have to r esort to some delegation of responsibility and especially know when and how to do it (School Management Manual, 2009). New posts were created and distributed leadership is becoming more and more a reality. 1.1 Problem statement The Mauritian education system is very hierarchical where all decisions are centralized on very few individuals. This rigid Weberian model of bureaucracy was inherited from our British colonial past. It had a quite coercive structure which is gradually being changed in an enabling one at all levels from pre-primary to tertiary education. This dissertation will consider the model which has been opted for by the Ministry of Education at secondary school level. There are three types of secondary schools in Mauritius namely State Secondary Schools and State Colleges, Private Secondary Schools and Fee Paying Schools (Ministry of Education and Human Resources 2012). The Private secondary schools can be further classified into private aided and private un-aided schools. These schools are under the aegis of the Private Secondary School Authority (PSSA). Another classification of these schools is based upon their related confessions (PSSA 2012). At secondary school level, all managerial activities are centered on the rector. He is the only one responsible for the smooth running of the school. In the decentralization process of school-based management, the government created some new posts sharing the complex responsibilities of the rector. These posts as well as the duties and responsibilities they are entrusted with, are not the same in state secondary schools and private secondary schools. In Private secondary schools, we have the Head of Department HoD and the Section Leader posts that bring about the distributed leadership in the school-based management process. The HoD is mainly concern with academic issues of the school. Teachers are divided into various departments according to the subjects they teach. The head of department provide leadership to the department. He helps the rector in monitoring teaching and learning in his department (PSSA 2010). The post of Section Leader is a rather new one which has been appointed in 2010 following the Pay Research Bureau recommendations of 2008. This post is exclusively found in Private secondary schools. It is mostly an administrative post. The section leader is responsible the rector in solving indiscipline issues absences, etc. He must assist the rector in planning, organizing and coordinating activities. Pastoral care is also under his responsibility. He is to assist the rector in conducting examinations, preparation and distribution of time-tables (PSSA 2010). This dissertation will analyze to what extent are the heads of department and the section leaders helping the rector in school management. The relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of these posts in private secondary schools will be dealt in depth. 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.2.1 Aims The aim of the study is to find out the efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy of distributed leadership in school-based management in private secondary schools in Mauritius with special reference to the role of section leaders and heads of department. 1.2.2 Objectives To evaluate the impact of distributed leadership in private secondary schools. To find out whether distributed leadership is considered as a solution to the various issues facing private secondary schools. To measure the extent to which the posts of section leader and head of department have decrease the work load of the rector. To evaluate the effectiveness of these posts in bringing flexibility in managing the schools. To evaluate the improvement, if ever, in the relationship between teachers and rectors. To find out the impact of these posts on the teachers and their duties. To find out whether these posts are sources of motivation for teachers or not. To compare the application of these two posts in schools with different settings and measure their respective efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy. 1.3 Research questions According to the objectives of the study, the research questions have been formulated as follows: (1) What is the impact of distributed leadership in secondary schools in general and in private secondary schools in particular? (2) How is distributed leadership being applied in private secondary schools? (3) Is distributed leadership the proper solution in solving issues facing these schools? (4) How is the creation of the post of section leader and HoD decreasing the workload of the rector in these schools? (5) Have these posts brought more flexibility in the school management? (6) Has there been any improvement in teacher-rector relationship by the introduction of section leader and HoD? (7) What is the impact of section leaders and Hods on the teachers and their responsibilities? (8) Is the creation of these posts a motivation for teachers? (9) What are the different responsibilities of section leaders and HoDs in different schools? 1.4 Flow of dissertation Chapter One: This chapter is about the introduction of the dissertation. It comprises of the background, problem statement, aims, objectives and research questions. Distributed leadership is introduced and explained in brief terms from an international to a local perspective with precisions on the posts of HoD and Section leader. Chapter Two: It is the literature review chapter where literatures from the world of education were selected and written down. Both the international and local perspective were taken into account. It starts with definitions and explanations of key terms such as leadership, management and administration in the education sector. Then the school structure and the major reforms in it were elucidated. Decentralization, School-based management and distributed leadership were explained together with their criticism. Teacher leadership was given also mentioned which included the HoD and other middle manager posts. Furthermore an overview of the Mauritian context with the application of distributed leadership in Mauritian schools was explained. Chapter Three: It is the methodology chapter. Two schools were selected namely the Aleemiah Forms I-VI Boys College and the girls department of the Cosmopolitan College. The mix method was adopted to collect data. Interviews were carried out with rectors, HoDs and Section leaders. Two observations were carried out in both schools. Survey questionnaires were distributed to educators in both schools. Chapter Four: It is the result and discussion chapter where the data were thoroughly analyzed. SPSS were used to make bar-charts, pie-charts and cross-tabulations. The results obtained from observations and interviews were written and analyzed with relation to the literature review. Chapter Five: It is the conclusion and recommendation chapter. All the research questions were answered. The aims and objectives of the dissertation were reached. Some recommendations were made for a better distributed leadership in schools.

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It is safe to say that you are curious if those all night pack study hours are utilized? I wager you're thinking about whether they are really aiding or harming your midterm degree. I'm certain every last one of us have consumed a dusk 'til dawn affair reconsidering for that Chemistry or Economics composed test that you simply need to do well on the grounds that its 50 for every hundred of your evaluation. We all appear compelled to do well in school for numerous causes. For that high giving work were vowed assuming that we move on from a choice school or shouldn't something be said about the supposition that you will have an improved future. What's more for those of you whose folks are paying many dollars for educational cost, wouldn't yearning to let mother or father down. The reaction is here. Pilcher led an investigation of if nap need influences your capability of acing that check assuming that you just might have headed off to mattress prior. Voluntary nap want is a far flung episode for numerous school researchers, who regularly mostly deny themselves of snooze throughout the week and repay by developing their nap time through the weekend. This example of snooze lack and bounce back comes to be more spoke round composed test periods, sometimes bringing about 24 to 48 hours of nap need. By denying themselves of snooze, school researchers are not just stretching their conclusions of drowsiness throughout the day, along these lines declining their capacity to give careful consideration in class, however are moreover opposite influencing their capability to perform on composed tests. The impact of snooze need on mental variable associated with execution, for example self-reported approximates of consideration, exertion, a... ...watched films, performed film and prepackaged games, or took on unique undertakings for the duration of the night, however were asked to utmost jazzed drinks and sugary snacks to two each. The following forenoon both gatherings were taken to the library, in the wake of morning dish, and checked. All members then took the Profile of Mood States (Poms) examiner, which makes inquiries about their appearing. For showing do they appear to be well disposed, strained as well as angry? In the wake of fulfilling this they beat up out the Watson-Glaser Critical considering (Wg). This survey surveys their cognitive presentation. And after that inevitably they were allowed the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (Cg), which exhibits a register of sorts of contemplations. The members answer by expressing how frequently they encountered those considerations while air conditioning

Learning Styles – VAK

VAK theory is widely recognised by teachers – particularly those who recommend accelerated learning techniques – but the idea that we receive information via different modes has been around considerably longer than that and can be traced back to the work of Grace Fernald (â€Å"Remedial Techniques in Basic School Subjects†) who promoted kinaesthetic learning techniques; Samuel Orton’s work on dyslexia; Anna Gillingham’s subsequent work on developing multisensory approaches; and the holistic educational philosophy of Maria Montessori. (WWW. brainboxx . co. k) We all learn in different styles it’s just a case of finding out what style suits the individual learner to get the best results out of them, for example if you were to teach a learner that is best suited to Kinaesthetic learning, by giving them just handouts and talking, they will lose concentration much quicker and wont absorb any of the information you are giving them, whereas if you keep them engaged by maybe doing something as simple as giving out the handouts or give a little demonstration of what their learning they will keep engaged therefore absorbing the information for longer. There are three types of learning styles, Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic. Someone that requires a Visual learning style would prefer to learn using drawing, sketches, handouts, charts etc. An Auditory learner would prefer to learn with the aid of listening and then answering questions about what they have just heard, stories (maybe of past experiences), anecdotes, puns etc. Whereas someone that learns in a Kinaesthetic way would learn in a much more hands on way by building things, taking something apart and re-building to see how it works, using their hands, being able to move around etc. When setting up your lesson plan you will have to cater for all three learning types and maybe you could already have an idea on how to get the best out of your group of learners that use all three types, for example: if you have a few Kinaesthetic learners in a group or discussion session you could keep them engaged by asking them to come up and give a demonstration, or if you’re in a workshop environment you could give a demonstration for all, whilst verbally explaining what you’re doing and achieving, therefore also catering for Visual and Auditory learners. The main thing is to keep the learners engaged. (As Geoff petty says in Teaching Today) it is better to have 80 per cent concentration on a moderately effective method than 10per cent on a supposedly brilliant one.

Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita

MILO BRANDING: Milo brand is the world’s leading chocolate malt beverage that can be prepared with hot or cold milk or water. Given its popularity it is a â€Å"must have† product for food service operators particularly in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Loved and trusted by parents and kids alike, Milo products offer essential vitamins and minerals: * calcium for strong teeth and bones * iron to carry oxygen to the body’s cells * vitamin A for healthy eye sight * vitamins B1 and B2 to help release energy from foods * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in good shape.REF:(www. nestle. com/brands/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Origin: Milo was originally developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world. Product availability: It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world (worldwide) (Ref :WIKI) Malted barley is one of the key ingredients that give MILO the unique great taste and crunch you love. It is naturally rich in carbohydrates (including starches and maltose), the preferred energy source for the brain, nervous system and working muscles.Including calcium, MILO contains 6 essential vitamins and minerals. Together with milk it is a nutrient rich drink for active kids. A glass of MILO and milk is: – High in protein – Low GI – Nutrient rich – particularly calcium where it provides nearly 50% of Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). REF: (http://www. milo. com. au/products/milo/) check this website below â€Å"DID YOU KNOW† PACKING: Package available, aging by replacing the old one with adding the interesting picture.Before this, Milo packaging only have their brand name, but nowadays Milo have been through the transformation by using faces of national athletes to attract more customers. Besides, Milo also has adding more colorful color beside of  their green color which is their main color. This improvement can attract children to drink Milo. B y doing this transformation Milo will be more up to date and can build loyal customer and as well as to be more different than their competitor such as Oligo Cocowhich are using the same green color for their packaging.Milo product enhancement Milo has realized and able to fulfill customer needs, so that they produce 3 in 1Milo from the normal powder Milo. This is for the customers that do not have enough time or in rush because they only need a short time to make it. This is because 3 in 1Milo already has added creamer and sugar for consumer convenience. Even kids also can do it by themselves because it already complete and they do not have to add anything. Add more ingredients To differentiate Milo from other product they have produce a healthy Milo by adding cereal in Milo Fuze.This Milo is very suitable for consumer that concern about healthy and on diet because cereal can avoid people from feeling hungry and contain fiber that good for digestion. Milo also contains a lot of nut rition which does notcontained in the other competitor’s product such as Oligo Coco. Oligo Coco is just a normal chocolate malt drink and they do not have nutrition such as Milo. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/15/Information-in-Milo-Packaging) HORLICKS BRANDING: Horlicks is the name of a company and of a malted milk hot drink.It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and it is available in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Jamaica, and under licence in the Philippines and Malaysia. Horlicks has been the most leading brand leading and the most famous healthy food drink brand across the world and as well as in Bangladesh. ORIGIN: Product Origin: product of England (check this not sure). PACKING: This gave GSK the thought of unifying the logo, packaging and designing across all the product categories of Horlicks.The new look and design have evolved from consumer research across the segments along with attributes of the brand. The e lements in the new design are: – * The ‘Wave’ on the packaging shows the ‘activity’ of a person * The visual of milk and wheat shows the nourishing capabilities of Horlicks * Blue and orange colours have been part of the Horlicks family for many years and strongly help to identify the brand * The new logo also plays a role in reinforcing the trust and equity of the brand among the consumers The packaging in a plastic jar instead of a glass bottle is a way to make the brand easier to handle and use.A uniform size and shape for all bottles would also help in reducing the costs of producing different sized bottles. Customer choice of Horlicks is higher than any other food drink. BOURN vita BRANDING: Bournvita is the name of a brand of malted and chocolate malt drink and manufactured by Cadbury country of origin: United kingdom UK. The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and physical health ever since it was launched. This layered with the great Cadbury chocolate taste has made the brand distinct from other offerings.It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food market. http://www. cadburyindia. com/in/en/brands/beverages/bournvita. aspx Most mothers would get a huge sense of relief on watching their child gulp down a full glass of milk. But in reality, without Vitamin D, calcium is not fully absorbed from milk. Earlier, sunlight was the major source of Vitamin D for children. But today, as their activities are mostly confined indoors, the daily dosage of Vitamin D may not be fulfilled.The new and enhanced Cadbury Bournvita is specially enriched with Vitamin D, so you can depend on it to bring out the goodness of calcium in milk. Cadbury Bournvita, with the additional combination of vitamin C, iron and other essential vitamins and minerals helps multiply the power of milk. http://www. cadburybournvita. in/ Product: Cadbury India Ltd launched Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate health drink in 1947 in India. But even before launching its new health product in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most loved chocolate drinks around the world.Brown because its brown in colour & Vita because it has lots of vitamins. Bournvita is all about. a nutritional drink which acts as a dietary supplement providing nourishment along with good taste & flavors. For today’s kids who detest milk in its pure state unless flavored, this is an ideal drink. It has its own unique flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So easy to prepare, just instant mix it into your milk. Even a child can manage this for himself when he is in a hurry to run off to play!Many children I have known just scoop up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happily†¦goes to prove its taste bud friendly value for kids. Ingredients: Malt extracts, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, liquid glucose, vitamins, Bourn Vitaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nutritional facts: 1) Gives p rotein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C & Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron & Folic Acid. 4) It also provides our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, & Thiamin which is very essential for the proper working of our nervous system.Price: Normally, price is the most important element in deciding the fate of any product. While purchasing any health drinks however, a housewife or a mother who is the ultimate buyer gives price secondary importance. She will carefully study the taste & nutritive values in the health drinks. I agree that Bournvita is one of the most expensive health drinks in the market (Rs. 101 for 500gms) but still due to its good taste & great nutritive values it has captured the majority of the market. Target Market:Brown HFDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target audience has always been kids who are in the age group of 7-15. Why a HFD targets audience in this age group? The answer to this is very simple. Most of the children in this age group have casual eating habits and milk is like a curse for them. This is were a HFD comes into picture the work ofA   HFD is not only to add flavor to the milk but also act as supplement whichA   can add nutrition to their child. The other advantage of having this segment as target market is HFD are mostly taken with milk http://mgmtfunda. com/marketing-mix-4ps-for-cadbury-bournvita/#